100句背诵7000英文单词 这些句子能背诵4000个单词你信吗？

New Concept English 3: Developing Skills

Lesson 1

puma [‘pju:mә] n.美洲狮 (e.g., A Puma at large)

Where does this puma come from?

spot [spɔt] v.看出，发现 (e.g., When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. )

I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.

evidence [‘evidәns] n.证据 (e.g., However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.)

This evidence can prove your guilt.

He was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.

accumulate [ә’kju:mjuleit] v.积累，积聚 (e.g., )

As to-do things accumulated, the to-do list got longer and longer, and i got more and more pressures.

By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.

oblige [ә’blaidʒ] v.使…感到必须 (e.g., )

As job opportunities became less than before, i felt obliged to get a postgraduate degree as soon as possible.

He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.

hunt [hʌnt] n.追猎；寻找；v.打猎 (e.g., The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ‘a large cat’ only five yards away from her.)

Only rich men are able to have time and money to hunt in Africa.

Lions sometimes hunt alone.

She is still hunting for a new job.

blackberry [‘blækbәri] n.黑莓 (e.g., )

I haven’t eaten a blackberry so far.

human [‘hju:mәn] 人类 (e.g., It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.)

Humans are very greedy for resource.

We must allow for human error.

corner [‘kɔ:nә] v.使走投无路，使陷入困境；n.角落 (e.g., )

He was cornered to kill his boss.

trail [treil] n.一串，一系列 (e.g., Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.)

I made a series of mistake in career planning. (trail 是一系列的踪迹，足迹，印记)

The hurricane left a trail of destruction behind it.

print [print] n.印痕 (e.g., Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. )

Reduce print unless you really need.

Click on the icon when you want to print.

cling [kliŋ] v.粘 (e.g., )

The wet shirt clung to my chest when I do strenuous exercise in summer.

convince [kәn’vins] v.使…信服 (e.g., The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?)

I can’t be convinced that Chinese medicine can cure the COVID.

I’m convinced that she is incorrect.

somehow [‘sʌmhau] ad.不知怎么搞的，不知什么原因 (e.g., As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.)

She looked different somehow.

Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him.

disturb [dis’tә:b] v.令人不安 (e.g., It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.)

It is disturbing to think that my body has so many problem.

It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.

Lesson 2

equal [‘i:kwәl] v.等于 (e.g., Thirteen equals one)

vicar [‘vikә] n.牧师 (e.g., Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.)

raise [‘reiz] v.募集，筹(款) (e.g., )

We are raising money for charity.

torchlight [‘tɔ:tʃlait] n.电筒光 (e.g., In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.)

Surgeons are performing operations in tents by torchlight.

Lesson 3

goddess [‘gɔdis] n.女神 (e.g., An unknown goddess)

He adored her as a goddess.

archaeologist [‘a:ki’ɔlәdʒist] n.考古学家 (e.g., Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.)

Her novel featured a mummy coming back to life and seeking revenge against an archaeologist.

aegean [i:’dʒi:әn] a.爱琴海的 (e.g., )

explore [iks’plɔ:] v.考察，勘探 (e.g., An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.)

In 1930s, many people explored for oil in China and they find nothing.

promontory [‘prɔmәntәri] n.海角 (e.g., )

Which is the famous promontory in the world? Cape of Good Hope(好望角), Strait of Malacca(马六甲海峡), Bering strait(白令海峡), Wilsons Promontory National Park

prosperous [‘prɔspәrәs] a.(经济上)繁荣的，昌盛的 (e.g., The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.)

In the past 40 years, China’s economy has been very prosperous.

Barcelona has become a one of the most dynamic and prosperous cities in the Mediterranean.

civilization [‘sivilai’zeiʃәn] n.文明 (e.g., )

China is one of the four ancient civilizations.

Environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization.

storey [‘stɔ:ri] n.楼层 (e.g., Houses – often three storeys high – were built of stone.)

Our house in country is three storeys high.

The suspect took a leap out of a third-story window.

drainage [‘dreinidʒ] n.排水 (e.g., The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.)

The street drainage system in Guangzhou is poor, cause waterlogging often occurs during heavy rains.

The area has good natural drainage.

worship [‘wә:ʃip] n.祟拜 (e.g., The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.)

I’m 40 and I don’t worship stars anymore.

He prefers to worship in his own home.

sacred [‘seikrid] a.宗教的，神圣的 (e.g., In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. )

I’m an atheist and I think only science is sacred.

Cows are sacred to Hindus.

fragment [‘frægmәnt] n.碎片 (e.g., )

Police found fragments of glass near the scene.

remains [ri’meinz] n.遗物，遗迹，废墟 (e.g., The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. )

She fed the remains of her dinner to the cats.

classical [‘klæsikәl] a.(希腊和罗马)古文化的 (e.g., This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.)

Most classical music sends me to sleep.

reconstruct [‘ri:kәns’trʌkt] v.修复 (e.g., When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. )

I’ve seen a very interesting documentary: I reconstructed antique in the Forbidden City.

The government must reconstruct the shattered economy.

rest [rest] v.倚放，放置 (e.g., She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.)

His chin rested on his hands.

hip [hip] n.屁股，臀部 (e.g., )

Big Breasts and Wide Hips is a novel by Mo Yan. It won Dajia Honghe Litterature Prize in 1997.

She stood with her hands on her hips.

full-length a.(裙衣)拖地长的 (e.g., She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.)

She stretched herself out full-length.

graceful [‘greisful] a.优雅的 (e.g., Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.)

He gave a graceful bow to the audience.

identity [ai’dentiti] n.身份 (e.g., )

Their identities were kept secret.

Lesson 4

manual [‘mænjuәl] a.体力的 (e.g., These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.)

In my opinion, manual work not only earn money, but exercise body as well.

My camera has manual and automation functions.

collar [‘kɔlә] n.衣领 (e.g., People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.)

White-collar workers are just look good, but in fact the work is not easy.

White-collar workers now work longer hours.

sacrifice [‘sækrifais] v.牺牲，献出 (e.g., Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. )

I would sacrifice everything for my family.

I thanked my parents for all their self-sacrifice on my behalf.

privilege [‘privilidʒ] n.好处，特权 (e.g., )

The privileged class is always disgusting.

He arrogated the privilege to himself alone.

dustman [‘dʌstmәn] n.清洁工 (e.g., This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.)

Dustman’s work is really hard.

The old dustman has been working on this street for 20 years.

corporation [‘kɔ:pә’reiʃәn] n.公司 (e.g., )

It is really comfortable to work in the world’s top 500 corporation.

He was a stockholder in a hotel corporation.

overalls n.工作服 (e.g., He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. )

I have never seen well designed overalls.

The mechanic was wearing a pair of blue overalls.

shower [‘ʃәuә, ‘ʃauә] n.淋浴 (e.g., Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. )

I often spend half an hour taking a shower.

She usually sings in the shower.

secret [‘si:krit] n.秘密 (e.g., Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.)

Everyone has their own little secret.

The meeting was held in secret.

status [‘steitәs] n.地位 (e.g., He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. )

My family status is low.

The party was denied legal status.

Lesson 5

editor [‘editә] n.编辑 (e.g., Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with unimportant facts and statistics. )

He is the editor-in-chief of the Global Daily.

We’re losing a first-rate editor in Jen.

The editor struck out the whole paragraph.

extreme [iks’tri:m] n.极端 (e.g., )

His views tend towards the extreme.

Extremism often leads to disaster, but sometimes revolution is necessary.

statistics [stә’tistiks] n.统计数字 (e.g., )

China doesn’t publish real statistics about COVID.

I felt I was no longer being treated as a person but as a statistic.

journalist [‘dʒә:nәlist] n.新闻记者 (e.g., Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.)

Independence of journalists is important in modern society.

My job as a journalist is to exprose the truth.

president [‘prezidәnt] n.总统 (e.g., )

He was sworn in as president.

palace [‘pæləs] n.王宫；宏伟的住宅 (e.g., )

The Forbidden City is a beautiful palace.

We drove through the palace gates.

publish [‘pʌbliʃ] v.出版 (e.g., When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it.)

They only publish novels which cater to the mass-market.

fax [fæks] n.传真 (e.g., The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.)

Fax is rarely used now.

Can you send it to me by fax?

impatient [im’peiʃәnt] a.不耐烦的 (e.g., The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.)

They were impatient at the delay.

fire [‘faiә] v.解雇 (e.g., He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.)

I was fired by VipShop last year.

originally [ә’ridʒәnәli] ad.起初，原先，从前 (e.g., When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.)

She comes originally from York.

The island was originally circular in shape.

Lesson 6

smash-and-grab n.砸窗户抢劫

Not only do they rob you, but they also smash everything.

Someone’s grabbed my seat.

arcade [a:’keid] n.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店) (e.g., At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. )

There are many arcades in the old city of Guangzhou.

We know this new shopping arcade is ready for lease.

Piccadilly [pikә’dili] n.皮卡迪利大街（伦敦市中心一条著名的街道） (e.g., )

jewellery [‘dʒu:әlri] n.珠宝(总称) (e.g., Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display.)

Every woman loves Jewellery.

She has some lovely pieces of jewellery.

necklace [‘neklis] n.项链 (e.g., Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. )

When did you first miss the necklace?

ring [riŋ] n.戒指；环形物 (e.g., )

I don’t understand the film: Lord of the Rings

background [‘bækgraund] n.背景 (e.g., )

Her background militates against her.

velvet [‘velvit] n.天鹅绒，丝绒 (e.g., )

She was clad in blue velvet.

headlight [‘hedlait] n.(汽车等)前灯 (e.g., The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. )

The car needs a new headlight.

blare [blєә] v.发嘟嘟声，吼叫 (e.g., )

The music begins with a blare of trumpets.

staff [sta:f] n.全体工作人员 (e.g., He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.)

How many full-time staff have we got?

raid [reid] n.偷袭 (e.g., The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.)

Why Japan raid Pearl Harbor?

It sounds like an air raid siren.

scramble [‘skræmbl] v.爬行 (e.g., )

She managed to scramble out of the vehicle as it burst into flames.

fantastic [fæn’tæstik] a.非常大的 (e.g., )

I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled.

ashtray [‘æʃtrei] n.烟灰缸 (e.g., Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. )

We don’t have ashtray at home because no one smokes.

I emptied the ashtray.

Lesson 7

mutilate [‘mju:tileit] v.使残缺不全，毁坏 (e.g., Mutilated ladies)

The body had been badly mutilated.

chew [tʃu:] v.咀嚼 (e.g., Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!)

He is always chewing gum.

fiancé [fi’ɑ:nsei] n.未婚夫 (e.g., A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.)

microwave [‘maikrәweiv] n.微波，微波炉 (e.g., John had very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping.)

I want to buy a new microwave oven, for the old one is smell ugly when open the door, it must be very dirty.

oven [‘ʌvn] n.炉灶 (e.g., )

Take the cake out of the oven.

safekeeping [‘seif’ki:piŋ] n.妥善保管 (e.g., )

Those papers are in safekeeping with him.

Newcastle [‘nju:’ka:sl] n.纽卡斯尔(英国港口城市) (e.g., )

identify [ai’dentifai] v.鉴定，识别 (e.g., ‘So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,’ said a spokeswoman for the Bank. )

First of all we must identify the problem areas.

spokeswoman n.女发言人

A spokeswoman for the government denied the rumours.

Lesson 8

monastery [‘mɔnәst(e)ri] n.寺院，修道院 (e.g., The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away.)

China has many monasteries and its always beautiful.

St.Bernard 圣伯纳德

pass [pa:s] n.关隘 (e.g., For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.)

When you go to Tibet, there are many high-altitude mountain passes on the way.

watchdog [‘wɔtʃdɔ:g] n.看门狗 (e.g., These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.)

The iOS system has a watchdog to kill the app which occupy large memory when memory is tight.

rashly [‘ræʃli] a.莽撞地，冒失地 (e.g., Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.)

She has rashly promised to lend him the money.

enclosure [in’klәuʒә] n.围场，圈地 (e.g., As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. )

Within that enclosure, there is a large, open courtyard.

monk [mʌŋk] n.和尚，僧侣,修道士 (e.g., The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. )

Many monks in china is working for money.

privacy [‘praivәsi] n.清静，隐居 (e.g., )

French privacy laws are very strict.

skier [‘ski:ә] n.滑雪者 (e.g., The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.)

He is an enthusiastic skier.

Easter [‘i:stә] n.复活节 (e.g., )

Lesson 9

fascinate [‘fæsineit] v.迷住，吸引住 (e.g., Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. )

China has always fascinated me.

affectionate [əˈfekʃənət] a.充满深情的，柔情的 (e.g., They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. )

He is very affectionate towards his children.

mysterious [mis’tiәriәs] a.神秘的，难以理解的 (e.g., )

A mysterious young woman is living next door.

submissive [sʌb’misiv] a.服从的，顺从的 (e.g., They never become submissive like dogs and horses. )

He expected his daughters to be meek and submissive.

feline [‘fi:lain] a.猫的 (e.g., As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. )

She walks with feline grace.

independence [‘indi’pendәns] n.独立，独立性 (e.g., )

He values his independence.

high-rise a.高层的 (e.g., There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from!)

We live in a high-rise apartment downtown.

windowsill n.窗槛，窗台 (e.g., )

Place the plants on a sunny windowsill.

paratrooper [‘pærәtru:pә] n.伞兵 (e.g., Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.)

The new paratrooper was almost kicked out of the cabin.

squirrel [‘skwirәl] n.松鼠 (e.g., They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. )

The squirrel is climbing a tree.

air-resistance n.空气阻力 (e.g., This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hit the ground.)

Reduce the air-resistance to minimum.

impact [‘impækt] n.冲击力 (e.g., )

A violent impact hurtled her forward.

Lesson 10

Southampton [sauθ’æmptәn,sauθ’hæmptәn] n.南安普敦(英国港口城市) (e.g., )

colossal [kә’lɔsl] a.庞大的,巨大的 (e.g., Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. )

There has been a colossal waste of public money.

watertight a.不漏水的 (e.g., At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments.)

The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.

compartment [kәm’pa:tmәnt] n.(轮船的)密封舱 (e.g., )

The desk has a secret compartment.

flood [flʌd] v.充满水 (e.g., Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. )

The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the counrty.

float [flәut] v.漂浮，飘浮 (e.g., )

An idea suddenly floated into my mind.

tragic [‘trædʒik] a.悲惨的 (e.g., The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.)

He was killed in a tragic accident at the age of 24.

liner [‘lainә] n.班船, 大客轮；班机 (e.g., )

How did you captain an ocean liner?

voyage [vɔidʒ] n.航行 (e.g., )

The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.

iceberg [‘aisbә:g] n.冰山 (e.g., Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.)

The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.

lookout [‘luk’aut] n.瞭望员 (e.g., )

He kept a sharp lookout for any strangers.

collision [kә’liʒ(ә)n] n.碰撞 (e.g., After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. )

Their car was in a head-on collision with a truck.

narrowly [‘nærouli] ad.刚刚，勉强地 (e.g., The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense walk of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. )

Narrowly self-interested behaviour is ultimately self-defeating.

miss [mis] v.避开 (e.g., )

I miss you.

slight [slait] a.轻微的 (e.g., Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. )

There was a slight collision but my car was undamaged.

tremble [‘trembl] v.震颤 (e.g., )

I will never forget the look on the patient’s face, the tremble in his hand.

faint [feint] a.微弱的 (e.g., The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.)

His ears caught a faint cry.

horror [‘hɔrә] n.恐惧 (e.g., Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!)

Guilt and horror flooded her in waves.

abandon [ә’bændәn] v.抛弃 (e.g., The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.)

They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.

plunge [plʌndʒ] v.投入，跳入；陷入 (e.g., )

She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.

lifeboat n.救生船 (e.g., As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.)

A lifeboat picked up survivors.

Lesson 11

guilty [‘gilti] a.犯罪的，违法的 (e.g., Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.)

He pleaded guilty to murder.

tolerant [‘tɔlәrәnt] a.宽容的 (e.g., Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.)

He has a very tolerant attitude towards other religions.

declare [di’klєә] v.申报 (e.g., )

Do you have anything to declare?

professional [prә’feʃәnl] a.职业的，专业的 (e.g.,The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. )

If it’s a legal matter you need to seek professional advice

hardened [ˈhɑːd(ə)nd] a.有经验的

smuggler [‘smʌglә] n.走私者 (e.g., )

Many people who come to Shenzhen from Hong Kong are smugglers.

officious [ә’fiʃәs] a.爱管闲事的 (e.g.,When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler. )

He is an officious leader.

confidently ad.自信地

You must act boldly and confidently.

dreadful [‘dredful] a.可怕的，一团糟的 (e.g., The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.)

It’s that dreadful murder.

pounce [pauns] v.猛抓，扑住 (e.g.,He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. )

The lion crouched ready to pounce.

perfume [‘pә:fju:m, pә:’fju:m] n.香水 (e.g.,’Perfume, eh?’ he asked sarcastically. ‘You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.’)

What does the perfume smell like?

sarcastically [sa:’kæstikәli] ad.讽刺地 (e.g., )

She asked sarcastically.

exempt [ig’zempt] a.被免除的 (e.g., )

The interest on the money is exempt from tax. (这笔钱的利息免税。)

duty [‘dju:ti] n.税 (e.g., )

It is my duty to report it to the police.

gel [dʒel] n.凝胶，发胶 (e.g., It’s hair gel.)

The gel gives your hair a gloss.

mixture [‘mikstʃә] n.混合物 (e.g., It’s a strange mixture I make myself.)

Concrete is a mixture of sand and cement.

unscrew [ʌn’skru:] v.拧开 (e.g.,The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. )

I can’t unscrew the lid of this jar.

nostril [‘nɒstrəl] n.鼻孔 (e.g., )

Use thumb to close of right nostril.

chalk [tʃɔ:k] n.粉笔 (e.g.,A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.)

You may chalk it on the wall.

baggage [‘bægidʒ] n.行李 (e.g., )

The baggage hall was crowded and noisy.

Lesson 12

desert [‘dɪˈzɜːt] v. 擅离（部队）；逃走；开小差抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人） desert [‘dezәt] n. 沙漠；荒漠；荒原(e.g.,Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. )

Somalia is mostly desert.

unrealistic [‘ʌnriә’listik] a.不真实的 (e.g., )

It is unrealistic to expect them to be able to solve the problem immediately.

paradise [‘pærәdais] n.天堂，乐土 (e.g.,We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. )

The ancient Egyptians saw paradise as an idealized version of their own lives.

wretched [‘retʃid] a.可怜的，艰苦的 (e.g., Life on a desert island is wretched.)

I felt wretched about the way things had turned out.

starve [sta:v] v.挨饿 (e.g.,You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. )

The animals were left to starve to death.

element [‘elimәnt] n.成分 (e.g., Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.)

The story has all the elements of a soap opera.

opportunity [‘ɔpә’tju:niti] n.机会 (e.g., )

There was no opportunity for further discussion.

coral [‘kɔrәl] n.珊瑚 (e.g., Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.)

The island is encircled by a coral reef.

Virgin [‘vә:dʒin] 维尔京群岛 (e.g.,They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. )

Miami [mai’æmi] n.迈阿密(美国最南的城市) (e.g., )

dinghy [ˈdɪŋɡi] n.救生筏，小船

The dinghy sailed smoothly across the lake.

Caribbean [‘kæri’bi:әn] n.加勒比海 (e.g., They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island)

spear [spiә] 捕鱼枪 (e.g., As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.)

Have you seen my spear? It’s the sharpest in the world.

lobster [‘lɔbstә] n.龙虾 (e.g., hey caught lobster and fish every day，and, as one of them put it ‘ate like kings’. )

I’ll grill the lobster.

tanker [‘tæŋkә] n.油轮 (e.g., When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.)

A Greek oil tanker has run aground.

genuinely [ˈdʒenjuɪnli] ad.由衷地

He genuinely cares about his employees.

Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨孙·克鲁索(《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公)

Lesson 13

costume [‘kɔstju:m] n.化装服 (e.g., She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on.)

consist [kәn’sist] v.由…组成 (e.g., Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective.) sheet [ʃi:t] n.被单 (e.g., ) effective [i’fektiv] a.有明显效果的，有作用的; 生效的 (e.g., ) comfortable [‘kʌmfәtәbl] a.舒适的 (e.g., She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.) storeroom [‘stɔ:rum] n.储藏室 (e.g., Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. ) electricity [ilek’trisiti] n.电 (e.g., Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. ) meter [ ‘mi:tә] n.电表 (e.g., ) pace [peis] n.一步 (e.g., The man let out cry and jumped back several paces.) flee [fli:] v.逃走 (e.g., When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.) slam [slæm] v.砰地关上 (e.g., )

Lesson 14

gangster [‘gæŋstә] n.歹徒，强盗 (e.g., There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection.’) Chicago [ʃi’ka:gәu] n.芝加哥(美国城市) (e.g., ) protection [prә’tekʃәn] n.保护 (e.g., ) promptly [‘prɔmptli] ad.准时地；迅速的 (e.g., If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.) destroy [dis’trɔi] v.毁掉；消灭 (e.g., ) remarkable [ri’ma:kәbl] a.不寻常的 (e.g., As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.) band [bænd] n.帮，团伙 (e.g., Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. ) Florence [‘flɔrәns] n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市) (e.g., ) city-state n.(古代)城邦

hire [‘haiә] v.租出，雇佣 (e.g., Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. ) prince [‘prins] n.(小附属国的)君主，诸侯；王子 (e.g., ) Florentine [‘flɔrәntain] n.佛罗伦萨人 (e.g., When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of ‘the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.’) funeral [‘fju:nәrәl] n.葬礼 (e.g., ) dedicate [‘dedikeit] v.奉献，题献给 (e.g., ) memory [‘memәri] n.纪念 (e.g., ) valiant [‘væljәnt] a.英勇的 (e.g., )

Lesson 15

appreciate [ә’pri:ʃieit] v.欣赏，感激 (e.g., Children always appreciate small gifts of money. ) pocket [‘pɔkit] 零用钱 (e.g., Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and ants are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. ) rattle [‘rætl] v.格格作响 (e.g., If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes.) thrifty [‘θrifti] a.节俭的 (e.g., Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. ) nephew [‘nevju:] n.侄子，外甥 (e.g., My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. ) bounce [bauns] v.弹起，跳起 (e.g., On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain.) pavement [‘peivmәnt] n.人行道 (e.g., ) stick [stik] v.卡住，夹住，不能再动 (e.g., A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. ) brigade [bri’geid] n.旅，(消防)队 (e.g., The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease. ) grease [gri:s, gri:z] n.润滑油 (e.g., )

Lesson 16

prize [praiz] a.珍贵的，宝贵的 (e.g., One of Mary’s prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.) tie [tai] v.拴，系 (e.g.,She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. ) theft [θeft] n.偷盗行为，偷盗案 (e.g., After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb.) accuse [ә’kju:z] v.指控 (e.g., Dimitri immediately went to Aleko’s house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. ) deny [di’nai] v.否认 (e.g., Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard.) ashamed [ә’ʃeimd] a.感到羞耻，惭愧 (e.g., Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. ) apologize [ә’pɔlәdʒaiz] v.道歉 (e.g., ) dye [dai] v.染 (e.g., Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!)

Lesson 17

suspension [sәs’penʃәn] n.悬，吊 (e.g., the longest suspension bridge in the world) agreeable [ә’griәbl] a.宜人的 (e.g., He described it as ‘a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.’ ) situation [‘sitju’eiʃәn] n.地点，地方 (e.g., ) locate [lәu’keit] v.位于 (e.g., ) immortal [i’mɔ:tl] a.永生的，流芳百世的 (e.g., Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.) Brooklyn [‘bruklin] n.布鲁克林 (e.g., ) Staten n.斯塔顿(岛)

span [spæn] n.跨度 (e.g., It has a span of 4,260 feet. ) cable [‘keibl] n.缆索 (e.g., Two great towers support four huge cables.) concrete [‘kɔnkri:t] n.混凝土 (e.g., The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concrete. ) suspend [sәs’pend] v.悬挂 (e.g., They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. ) length [leŋθ] n.根，段; 长度 (e.g., Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. ) estimate [‘estimit, ‘estimeit] v.估计 (e.g., It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. ) capacity [kә’pæsiti] n.承受量，容量 (e.g., ) immensity [i’mensiti] n.巨大 (e.g., Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer’s dream to create ‘an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible’.) elegant [‘eligәnt] a.优美别致的 (e.g., ) faintly [‘feintli] ad.微细地 (e.g., )

Lesson 18

current [‘kʌrәnt] n.电流,水流,气流 (e.g., Electric currents in modern art) sculpture [‘skʌlptʃә] n.雕塑 (e.g., 　Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more.) mistaken [mis’teikәn] a.错误的 (e.g., The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. ) gallery [‘gælәri] n.美术馆 (e.g., The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: ‘Do not touch the exhibits. ) exhibit [ig’zibit] n.展品，陈列品 (e.g., ) oddly [‘ɔdli] ad.古怪的 (e.g., Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. ) attach [ә’tætʃ] v.连，系 (e.g., These objects, however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres.) sphere [sfiә] n.球体 (e.g., The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time.) magnetize [‘mægnitaiz] v.使磁化 (e.g., ) repel [ri’pel] v.排斥 (e.g., ) flicker [‘flikә] v.闪烁 (e.g.,These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. ) emit [i’mit] v.放射 (e.g., Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily.) flash [flæʃ] v.闪光；闪过 (e.g., ) prehistoric [‘pri:hi’stɔ:rik] a.史前的，老掉牙的 (e.g.,It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment. ) electronic [ilek’trɔnik] a.电子的 (e.g., ) peculiar [pi’kju:ljә] a.奇异的 (e.g., These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!) shock [ʃɔk] v.令人震惊，刺激人 (e.g., ) emotionally [i’mәuʃәnli] ad.感情上 (e.g., )

Lesson 19

dear [diә] a.亲爱的；珍贵的；昂贵的 (e.g., A very dear cat) kidnapper n.绑架者，拐骗者

considerable [kәn’sidәrәbl] a.相当大的 (e.g., Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay’s cat. ) wealthy [‘welθi] a.富的，有钱的 (e.g., Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. ) orderly [‘ɔ:dәli] a.有规律的 (e.g., Rastus leads an orderly life. ) disappearance [‘disә’piәrәns] n.失踪 (e.g., There days after Rastus’ disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter.) anonymous [ә’nɔnimәs] a.匿名的 (e.g., ) ransom [‘rænsәm] n.赎金 (e.g., The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom of $1,000. ) cardboard [‘ka:dbɔ:d] n.硬纸板 (e.g., Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. ) withdraw [wið’drɔ:] v.(从银行)取钱 (e.g., She withdrew $1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper’s instructions.) punctually ad.准时地

astound [әs’taund] v.使吃惊 (e.g., The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.)

Lesson 20

pioneer [‘paiә’niә] n.先驱 (e.g.,Pioneer pilots ) lord [lɔ:d] n.对(英国)贵族的尊称；勋爵 (e.g., In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. ) Calais [‘kælei] n.加来(法国港口城市) (e.g., Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called ‘No. XI’.) overland [‘әuvәlænd] a.陆上的 (e.g., A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. )

Lesson 21

boxing [‘bɔksiŋ] n.拳击 (e.g., Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. ) boxer [‘bɔksә] n.拳击手 (e.g., In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.) bare [bєә] a.赤裸的；空荡的 (e.g., In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.) prizefighter n.职业拳击手(尤指古时赤手拳击手) (e.g., Because of this, they were known as ‘prizefighters’. ) crude [kru:d] a.粗野的 (e.g., However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.) marquis [‘ma:kwis] n.侯爵 (e.g., The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.) technically [‘teknikәli] ad.严格根据法律意义地 (e.g., Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.) science [‘saiәns] n.科学 (e.g., ) popularity [‘pɔpju’læriti] n.名望 (e.g., In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. ) adore [ә’dɔ:] v.崇拜，爱戴；非常喜欢 (e.g., He was adored by rich and poor alike.) alike [ә’laik] ad.一样地 (e.g., ) fame [feim] n.名声 (e.g., Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.) eminent [‘eminәnt] a.著名的，杰出的 (e.g., This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. ) bitterly [‘bitәli] ad.厉害地 (e.g., The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.) bet [bet] v.打赌 (e.g., The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.) academy [ә’kædәmi] n.专业学校 (e.g., Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.) extravagant [iks’trævigәnt] a.浪费的，奢侈的 (e.g., Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.) poverty [‘pɔvәti] n.贫困 (e.g., He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.)

Lesson 22

run [rʌn] v.(戏剧，电影等)连演，连映 (e.g., Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.) lines n.(剧本中的)台词 (e.g., In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. ) part [pa:t] n.剧中的角色，台词 (e.g., One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. ) falter [‘fɔ:ltә] v.支吾，结巴说 (e.g., ) cast [ka:st] v.选派……扮演角色 (e.g., A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. ) role [rәul] n.角色 (e.g., ) aristocrat [‘æristәkræt] n.贵族 (e.g., ) imprison [im’prizn] v.关押 (e.g., ) Bastille n.巴士底狱

gaoler [‘dʒeilә(r)] n.监狱长，看守 (e.g., In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.) colleague [‘kɔli:g] n.同事 (e.g., One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. ) curtain [‘kә:tn] n.(舞台上的)幕布 (e.g., The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.) reveal [ri’vi:l] v.使显露;泄漏 (e.g., ) cell [sel] n.单人监房，监号 (e.g., He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. ) blank [blæŋk] a.空白的 (e.g., It was simply a blank sheet of paper.) squint [skwint] v.眯着(眼)看，瞄 (e.g., Then, squinting his eyes, he said: ‘The light is dim. Read the letter to me’. ) dim [dim] a.昏暗的 (e.g., ) sire [‘saiә] n.(古用法)陛下 (e.g., The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.) proceed [prә’si:d] v.继续进行 (e.g., Much to the aristocrat’s amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.)

Lesson 23

poison [‘pɔizn] n.毒药 (e.g., One man’s meat is another man’s poison) illogical [i’lɔdʒikәl] a.不合逻辑的，无章法的 (e.g., People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.) octopus [‘ɔktәpәs] n.章鱼 (e.g., If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.) delicacy [‘delikәsi] n.美味，佳肴 (e.g., ) repulsive [ri’pʌlsiv] a.令人反感的，令人生厌的 (e.g., You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. ) stomach [‘stʌmәk] n.胃 (e.g., On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.) turn [tә:n] v.感到恶心，反胃 (e.g., ) fry [frai] v.油炸 (e.g., ) fat [fæt] n.(动物、植物)油 (e.g., ) abuse [ә’bju:z] n.辱骂，责骂 (e.g., No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.) snail [sneil] n.蜗牛 (e.g., Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.) luxury [‘lʌkʃәri] n.奢侈品，珍品 (e.g., ) associate [ә’sәuʃieit] v.联想到 (e.g., There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.) despise [dis’paiz] v.鄙视 (e.g., My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. ) appeal [ә’pi:l] v.引起兴致 (e.g., The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.) shower “ [‘ʃәuә, ‘ʃauә] “ n.淋浴 (e.g., ) stroll [strәul] n.溜达，散步 (e.g., ) impulse [‘impʌls] n.冲动 (e.g., Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert.) dozen [‘dʌzn] n.12个，一打 (e.g., ) fancy [‘fænsi] v.喜爱，喜欢 (e.g., I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.)

Lesson 24

skeleton [‘skelitәn] n.骷髅 (e.g., A skeleton in the cupboard) Seemingly ad.表面上地 (e.g., We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years.) Respectable [ris’pektәbl] a.体面的，雅观的 (e.g., ) conceal [kәn’si:l] v.隐藏，隐瞒 (e.g., ) vivid [‘vivid] a.生动的 (e.g., The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. ) dramatic [drә’mætik] a.令人激动的，扣人心弦的 (e.g., At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. ) ruin [‘ruin] v.毁坏 (e.g., ) heroine [‘herәuin] n.女主人公 (e.g., The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.) fiction [‘fikʃәn] n.小说 (e.g., It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. ) varying a.不同的 (e.g., To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. ) medicine [‘medisin] n.医学 (e.g., George studied medicine in his youth.) guestroom n.(家庭中的)客房

unpack [‘ʌn’pæk] vt.(从箱中)取出 (e.g., He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.) stack [stæk] v.(整齐地)堆放，排放；n.堆 (e.g., After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the tow suits I had brought with me in the cupboard.) underclothes [‘ʌndәklәuðz] n.内衣 (e.g., ) drawer [drɔ:] n.抽屉 (e.g., ) petrify [‘petrifai] v.使惊呆 (e.g., I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified.) dangle [‘dæŋgl] v.悬挂 (e.g., A skeleton was dangling before my eyes.) sway [swei] v.摇摆 (e.g., The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.) unsympathetic [‘ʌn’simpә’θetik] a.不表同情的，无动于衷的 (e.g., But George was unsympathetic.) medical [‘medikәl] a.医学的 (e.g., That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.)

Lesson 25

impressive [im’presiv] a.给人深刻印象的 (e.g., She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of past.) steamship [‘sti:mʃip] n.蒸汽轮船 (e.g., Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. ) vessel [‘vesl] n.轮船，大木船 (e.g., ) era [‘iәrә] n.时期，时代 (e.g., It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.) Java [‘dʒɔvә] n.爪哇(印度尼西亚一岛) (e.g., ) rudder [‘rudә] n.舵 (e.g., In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.) roll [rәul] v.颠簸，摇摆 (e.g., The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. ) steer [stiә] v.掌握方向 (e.g., ) temporary [‘tempәrәri] a.临时的 (e.g., A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. ) plank [plæŋk] n.大块木板 (e.g., ) fit [fit] v.安装 (e.g., ) Equator [i’kweitә] n.赤道 (e.g., After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. ) delay [di’lei] v.] n.耽误 (e.g., Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. These is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.)

Lesson 26

influence [‘influәns] v.影响 (e.g., No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.) pride [praid] v.骄傲 (e.g., Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.) taste [teist] n.鉴赏力;品尝 (e.g., ) exert [ig’zә:t] v.施加 (e.g., ) subtle [‘sʌbtl] a.微妙的，难以捉摸的 (e.g., ) advertiser [‘ædvәtaizә] n.做广告的人 (e.g., In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.) classify [‘klæsifai] v.分类 (e.g., ) magic [‘mædʒik] a.有奇妙作用的 (e.g., An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong.) sample [‘sa:mpl] n.样品 (e.g., These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. ) devise [di’vaiz] v.设计，想出 (e.g., They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money.) capture [‘kæptʃә] v.吸引，赢得 (e.g., Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.) manufacturer [‘mænju’fæktʃәrә] n.生产厂家，制造商 (e.g., During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. ) wheelbarrow [‘wi:l’bærәu] n.独轮手推车 (e.g., One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. ) boot [bu:t] n.(汽车尾部的)行李箱 (e.g., A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car.) ingredient [in’gri:djәnt] n.配料 (e.g., It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. ) crane [krein] n.起重机 (e.g., It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. ) anticipate [æn’tisipeit] v.预期，预料 (e.g., The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, or they bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000.)

Lesson 27

philosopher [fi’lɔsәfә] n.哲学家 (e.g., In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. ) wisdom [‘wizdәm] n.智慧 (e.g., ) priest [pri:st] n.牧师 (e.g., ) spiritual [‘spiritjuәl] a.精神上的 (e.g., ) grudge [grʌdʒ] v.不愿给，舍不得给 (e.g., There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. ) surgeon [‘sә:dʒәn] n.外科大夫 (e.g., ) passer-by n.过路人(复数passers-by) (e.g., Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by.) dignity [‘digniti] n.尊严 (e.g., They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.) deliberately [di’libәritli] ad.故意地 (e.g., He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.) consequence [‘kɔnsikwәns] n.后果，结果 (e.g., ) afflict [ә’flikt] v.使苦恼，折磨 (e.g., He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.) ease [i:z] n.容易 (e.g., His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. ) nature [‘neitʃә] n.大自然 (e.g., By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.) contempt [kәn’tempt] n.蔑视 (e.g., We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?) envious [‘enviәs] a.嫉妒的 (e.g., )

Lesson 28

wares n.货物，商品 (e.g., Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. ) anchor [‘æŋkә] v.?较旅籲. 锚 (e.g., Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were son covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. ) deck [dek] n.甲板 (e.g., ) silverware [‘silvәwєә] n.银器 (e.g., ) tempt [tempt] v.吸引；引诱 (e.g., It was difficult not to be tempted. ) bargain [‘ba:gin] v.讨价还价; n.便宜货 (e.g., Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decide not to buy anything until I had disembarked.) disembark [‘disim’ba:k] v.下船上岸 (e.g., ) assail [ә’seil] v.纠缠 (e.g., I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.) marble [‘ma:bl] n.小玻璃球 (e.g., Some of them were as big as marbles.) inscribe [in’skraib] v.刻写，雕 (e.g., At the base of the gold cap, the words ‘made in the U.S.A’ had been nearly inscribed. ) favour [‘feivә] n.好处，优惠 (e.g., The man said that the pen was worth $50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for $30.) gesticulate [dʒes’tikjuleit] v.(讲话时)打手势 (e.g., Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to $10.) outrageous [aut’reidʒәs] a.出人预料的；令人不悦的 (e.g., ) thrust [θrʌst] v.硬塞给；强行挤进 (e.g., Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. )

Lesson 29

largely [‘la:dʒli] ad.在很大程度上 (e.g., Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought up.) comic [‘kɔmik] a.喜剧的，可笑的 (e.g., Most funny stories are based on comic situations. ) universal [‘ju:ni’vә:sәl] a.普遍的 (e.g., In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.) comedian [kә’mi:djәn] n.滑稽演员，喜剧演员 (e.g., Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or serious accidents. ) distasteful [dis’teistful] a.讨厌的 (e.g., Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of ‘sick humour’ will enable you to judge for yourself.) pester [‘pestә] v.一再要求，纠缠 (e.g., From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.) dread [dred] v.惧怕 (e.g., He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.) recovery [ri’kʌvәri] n.康复 (e.g., Though the doctors did his best, the patient’s recovery was slow. ) plaster [‘pla:stә] n.熟石膏 (e.g., On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.) console [kәn’sәul] v.安慰，慰问 (e.g., The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. ) hobble [‘hɔbl] v.瘸着腿走 (e.g., The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years’ Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. ) compensate [‘kɔmpenseit] v.补偿 (e.g., To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.) mumble [‘mʌmbl] v.喃喃而语 (e.g., He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.)

Lesson 30

labourer [‘leibәrә] n.劳动者(也做laborer) (e.g., Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. ) overnight [‘әuvәnait] ad.一夜期间 (e.g., ) hay [hei] n.干草 (e.g., Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned.) corn [kɔ:n] n.谷物 (e.g., A farm worker, who stayed up all night claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. ) moonlight [‘mu:nlait] n.月光 (e.g., ) conscientious [‘kɔnʃi’enʃәs] a.认真的 (e.g., In time, it became an accepted fact the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.) suspect [sәs’pekt, ‘sʌspekt] v.怀疑 (e.g., No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.) desert [‘dezәt, di’zә:t] v.(军队中)开小差 (e.g., As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.) regiment [‘redʒimәnt] n.(军队)团 (e.g., ) action [‘ækʃәn] n.战斗 (e.g., His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. ) recluse [ri’klu:s] n.隐士 (e.g., All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. )

Lesson 31

lovable [‘lʌvәbl] a.可爱的 (e.g., A lovable eccentric) eccentric [ik’sentrik] n.(行为)古怪的人 (e.g., ) disregard [‘disri’ga:d] v.不顾，无视 (e.g., They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. ) convention [kәn’venʃәn] n.习俗，风俗 (e.g., ) conscious [‘kɔnʃәs] a.感觉（意识）到的 (e.g., ) invariably [in’vєәriәbli] ad.总是，经常地 (e.g., This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.) routine [ru:’ti:n] n.常规；惯例; a.常规的 (e.g., ) shrewd [ʃru:d] a.精明的 (e.g., He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. ) eccentricity [‘eksen’trisiti] n.怪癖 (e.g., He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.) legendary [‘ledʒәndәri] a.传奇般的 (e.g., ) snob [snɔb] n.势利小人，谄上欺下的人 (e.g., Dickie disliked snobs intensely. ) intensely ad.强烈地

bedraggled [bi’drægld] a.拖泥带水的；又脏又湿的 (e.g., He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition than an assistant refused to serve him. ) dump [dʌmp] v.把……砰的一声抛下 (e.g., As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter.) apologetic [әpɔlә’dʒetik] a.道歉的 (e.g., Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.) reprimand [‘reprima:nd] v.训斥 (e.g., ) stage [steidʒ] v.暗中策划 (e.g., It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.) elaborate [i’læbәrit] a.精心构思的；精致的 (e.g., )

Lesson 32

salvage [‘sælvidʒ] v.n.救助，营救，打捞; (e.g., The salvage operation had been a complete failure. ) Barents [‘bærәnts] n.巴伦支(海) (e.g., ) sunken [‘sʌŋkәn] a.沉没的 (e.g., The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.) cargo [‘ka:gәu] n.货物 (e.g., ) bullion [‘buljәn] n.金条；银条 (e.g., ) scour [‘skauә] v.彻底搜索 (e.g., The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board went a chest was raised from the bottom. ) chest [tʃest] n.大箱子 (e.g., ) contents n.(复数)所装的东西

belongings [bi’lɔŋiŋz] n.(复数)所有物 (e.g., The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.) item [‘aitәm] n.物件 (e.g., Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. ) cruiser [‘kru:zә] n.巡洋舰 (e.g., From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser.) find [faind] n.找到的物品 (e.g., The most valuable find of all was the ship’s log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.) log book 航海日志

piece [pi:s] v.拼成整体 (e.g., From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light.) convoy [‘kɔnvɔi] v.n.护航 (e.g., The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.) torpedo [tɔ:’pi:dәu] v.用鱼雷攻击 (e.g., ) submarine [‘sʌbmәri:n] n.潜水艇 (e.g., ) naval [‘neivәl] a.海军的 (e.g., This was later confirmed by naval official at the Ministry of Defiance after the Elkor had returned home.) ministry [‘ministri] n.(政府的)部 (e.g., )

Lesson 33

prelude [‘prelju:d] n.序幕，前奏 (e.g., The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes.) unforeseen [‘ʌnfɔ:’si:n] a.意料之外的 (e.g., ) series [‘siәri:z] n.系列 (e.g., ) catastrophe [kә’tæstrәfi] n.大祸，灾难 (e.g., ) crockery [‘krɔkәri] n.陶器，瓦器 (e.g., While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process.) suburb [‘sʌbә:b] n.郊区 (e.g., Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.) collide [kә’laid] v.猛撞 (e.g., During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.) learner [‘lә:nә] n.初学者 (e.g., The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. ) panic [‘pænik] n.惊慌，恐慌 (e.g., She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. ) windscreen n.(汽车的)挡风玻璃 (e.g., As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road.) alongside [ә’lɔŋ’said] prep.在……的旁边，与……并排 (e.g., Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. ) slide [slaid] v.滑；回避 (e.g., The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. ) stray [strei] a.迷失的，离群的；v.迷路，偏离 (e.g., Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days!) confusion [kәn’fju:ʒәn] n.混乱 (e.g., ) greedily [‘gri:dili] ad.贪婪地 (e.g., ) devour [di’vauә] v.狼吞虎咽地吃 (e.g., )

Lesson 34

antique [æn’ti:k] n.古董，古玩 (e.g., Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. ) fascination [‘fæsi’neiʃәn] n.魅力，迷惑力 (e.g., ) forbidding [fә’bidiŋ] a.望而生畏的，望而却步的 (e.g., The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place.) muster [‘mʌstә] v.鼓起 (e.g., But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop.) pretentious [pri’tenʃәs] a.自命不凡的，矫饰的 (e.g., ) labyrinth [‘læbәrinθ] n.迷宫 (e.g., There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.) musty [‘mʌsti] a.陈腐的，发霉的 (e.g., ) rarity [‘rєәriti] n.稀世珍品 (e.g., ) assorted [ә’sɔ:tid] a.各式各样的 (e.g., ) junk [dʒʌŋk] n.破烂货，废品 (e.g., ) carve [ka:v] v.镌刻 (e.g., Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. ) dagger [‘dægә] n.短剑，匕首 (e.g., ) litter [‘litә] v.杂乱地布满；n.垃圾 (e.g., ) dedicated [‘dedikeitid] a.专心致志的；全身心投入的 (e.g., A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it.) bargain hunter n.到处找便宜货买的人

dealer [‘di:lә] v.商人 (e.g., To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer.) cherish [‘tʃeriʃ] v.期望，渴望；珍爱 (e.g., Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.) amply [‘æmpli] ad.足够地 (e.g., ) masterpiece [‘ma:stәpi:s] n.杰作 (e.g., He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere $50.) mere [miә] a.仅仅的 (e.g., ) prise [praiz] v.撬开 (e.g., Frank begged him to do so and the dealer reluctantly prised it open.) miniature [‘minjәtʃә] a.小巧的，小型的 (e.g., Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box an suddenly noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing case.) composition [‘kɔmpә’ziʃәn] n.构图 (e.g., As its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. )

Lesson 35

justice [‘dʒʌstis] n.正义，公正；司法 (e.g., Justice was done) court [kɔ:t] n.法院 (e.g., The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. ) law [lɔ:] n.法律 (e.g., ) innocence [‘inәsns] n.无辜 (e.g., We might say that justice has been done when a man’s innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. ) undertake [‘ʌndә’teik] v.承担，着手做 (e.g., Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. ) arduous [‘a:djuәs] a.艰苦的，艰难的 (e.g., ) abstract [‘æbstrækt] a.抽象的 (e.g., There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.) concept [‘kɔnsept] n.概念，观念 (e.g., ) mete [mi:t] 给予，处置 (e.g., Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. ) interference [‘intә’fiәrәns] n.干涉 (e.g., ) accord [ә’kɔ:d] v. [n.一致 (e.g., When we use a phrase like ‘it serves him right’, we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.) premises [‘premisiz] n.房屋 (e.g., When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say ‘it serves him right.’ ) convert [kәn’vә:t, ‘kɔnvә:t] v.转变，改变 (e.g., The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. ) disused [‘dis’ju:zd] a.不再用的，废弃的 (e.g., ) fireplace [‘faiәpleis] n.壁炉 (e.g., ) muffle [‘mʌfl] v.捂住，压抑 (e.g., . Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind on of the walls.) chip [tʃip] v.砍，削，凿；碎裂 (e.g., After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. ) blacken [‘blækәn] v.使变黑 (e.g., The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.) emerge [i’mә:dʒ] v.(从某处)出现 (e.g., )

Lesson 36

credulous [‘kredjulәs] a.轻信的 (e.g., We are less credulous than we used to be.) improbable [im’prɔbәbl] a.不大可能的 (e.g., In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences – most of them wildly improbable. ) obscure [әb’skjuә] a.不起眼的；v.遮掩，模糊 (e.g., Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero’s mother.) maidservant [‘meidsә:vәnt] n.女仆，女佣 (e.g., ) presume [pri’zju:m] v.假定 (e.g., A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero’s downfall. ) wickedly ad.心眼坏地，居心叵测地

plot [plɔt] v.密谋 (e.g., ) downfall [‘daunfɔ:l] n.倒台，垮台 (e.g., ) naïve [na:’i:v] a.天真的 (e.g., And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solution totally unacceptable.) unacceptable [‘ʌnәk’septәbl] a.不能接受的 (e.g., ) conspire [kәn’spaiә] v.(事件)巧合促成 (e.g., Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.) incredible [in’kredәbl] a.难以置信的 (e.g., ) resemblance [ri’zemblәns] n.相似 (e.g., After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman’s close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. ) scorn [skɔ:n] n.嘲弄，挖苦 (e.g., Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war.) acquaint [ә’kweint] v.使了解 (e.g., Though Mrs. Busssman fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. ) reunite [‘ri:ju:’nait] v.使团聚 (e.g., When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.) assume [ә’sju:m] v.假定，认为 (e.g., Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.)

Lesson 37

express [iks’pres] n.快车 a.高速的 (e.g., The Westhaven Express) punctual [‘pʌŋktjuәl] a.准时的 (e.g., We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. ) condition [kәn’diʃәn] v.使习惯于 (e.g., After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.) unshakable [ʌn’ʃeikәbl] a.不可动摇的 (e.g., ) faith [feiθ] n.信任 (e.g., ) cancel [‘kænsәl] v.取消 (e.g., Ships may be delayed by storms; flights may be cancelled because of bad weather, but trains must be on time.) exceptionally ad.例外地 (e.g., Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services.) dislocate [‘dislәkeit] v.打乱(计划等) (e.g., ) blame [bleim] v.责怪 (e.g., It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.) consult [kәn’sʌlt] v.请教，查阅 (e.g., After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.) direct [di’rekt] ad.径直地 (e.g., It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted mere hour and seventeen minutes.) odd [ɔd] a.奇怪的，异常的 (e.g., At the time, this did not strike me as odd.) reflect [ri’flekt] v.细想 (e.g., I reflected that there must be a great many local people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. ) advantage [әd’va:ntidʒ] n.优势 (e.g., ) mighty [‘maiti] a.强大的，有力的 (e.g., Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. ) dawdle [‘dɔ:dl] v.慢吞吞地动或做 (e.g., But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder, It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.) chug [tʃʌg] v.咔嚓咔嚓地响 (e.g., ) lodge [lɔdʒ] v.提出；n.小屋，(旅游区的)小旅馆 (e.g., I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. ) complaint [kәm’pleint] n.抱怨 (e.g., ) triumph [‘traiәmf] n.胜利; v.战胜 (e.g., There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.) asterisk [‘æstәrisk] n.星号 (e.g., A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page.) conduct [‘kɔndәkt, kәn’dʌkt] v.引向，引导 (e.g., )

Lesson 38

calendar [‘kælindә] n.历法，日历 (e.g., The first calender) historian [his’tɔ:riәn] n.历史学家 (e.g., Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times.) unique [ju:’ni:k] a.无与伦比的；独特的 (e.g., ) steadily [‘stedili] ad.不断地 (e.g., They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.) solely [‘sәuli] ad.唯一地 (e.g., What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. ) video [‘vidiәu] n.录像 (e.g., Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. ) CD-ROM n.(只读)光盘驱动器

bewilder [bi’wildә] v.令人眼花缭乱 (e.g., ) deduce [di’dju:s] v.推断，推理 (e.g., He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. ) scanty [‘skænti] a.不足的，贫乏的 (e.g., ) mammoth [‘mæmәθ] n.(古生物)长毛象 (e.g., Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths) tusk [tʌsk] n.獠牙，长牙，象牙 (e.g., ) nomad [‘nɔmәd] n.游牧民 (e.g., The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.) correlate [‘kɔrileit] v.使相互联系 (e.g., By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. ) clue [klu:] n.线索 (e.g., ) insignificant [‘insig’nifikәnt] a.不重要的 (e.g., Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.) shed [ʃed] v.使流出，泻 (e.g., ) advent [‘ædvәnt] n.出现，到来，来临 (e.g., Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. ) agriculture [‘ægrikʌltʃә] n.农业 (e.g., ) assumption [ә’sʌmpʃәn] n.假定，设想 (e.g., Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.) dot [dɔt] n.小圆点 (e.g., ) symbol [‘simbәl] n.符号 (e.g., ) engrave [in’greiv] v.雕刻 (e.g., ) ivory [‘aivәri] n.象牙制品 (e.g., ) phase [feiz] n.月相，天相 (e.g., They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.) primitive [‘primitiv] a.原始的 (e.g., It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.) depict [di’pikt] v.描画，描绘 (e.g., It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. )

Lesson 39

rough [rʌf] a.崎岖不平的 (e.g., The rough across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from.) boulder [‘bәuldә] n.大石块 (e.g., Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed. ) pit [pit] v.使得坑坑洼洼 (e.g., ) perturb [pә’tә:b] v.使不安 (e.g., ) underestimate [‘ʌndәr’estimeit] v.低估 (e.g., It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. ) swerve [swә:v] v.急转弯 (e.g., As we bumped over eh dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.) scoop [sku:p] v.挖出 (e.g., The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. ) hammer [‘hæmә] v.(用锤)击打，锤打 (e.g., ) ominously ad.有预兆的，不祥的

rip [rip] v.划破，撕，扯 (e.g., We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine.) zigzag [‘zigzæg] n.”之”字形 (e.g., Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag course. ) shallow [‘ʃælәu] a.浅的 (e.g., Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. ) grind [graind] v.磨擦，磨 (e.g., Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding half.) petrol [‘petrәl] n.汽油 (e.g., ) stretch [stretʃ] n.一大片(平地或水) (e.g., What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.) obstacle [‘ɔbstәkl] n.障碍 (e.g., ) clump [klʌmp] n.丛，簇 (e.g., ) fissure [‘fiʃә] n.(石，地的)深缝 (e.g., But there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. ) renew [ri’nju:] v.重复；更新 (e.g., In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. ) pleading [‘pli:diŋ] n.恳求 (e.g., ) gear [giә] n.(汽车)排档 (e.g., ) astride [ә’straid] prep.骑，跨 (e.g., ) crack [kræk] n.缝隙 (e.g., ) halt [hɔ:lt] n.停 (e.g., Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.) dashboard [‘dæʃbɔ:d] n.(汽车上的)仪表盘 (e.g., A yellow light on the dashboard flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!)

Lesson 40

hoax [hәuks] n.骗局，戏弄 (e.g., Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. ) deception [di’sepʃәn] n.欺骗，骗局 (e.g., Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.) self-respecting a.自重的，自尊的

indulge [in’dʌldʒ] v.使沉迷；享受 (e.g., ) pneumatic [nju:’mætik] a.气动的 (e.g., When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.) drill [dril] n.钻 (e.g., ) silly [‘sili] a.无意义的，无聊的 (e.g., He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.) advance [әd’va:ns] a.预先的，事先获得的 (e.g., Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.) archway [‘a:tʃwei] n.拱形门楼 (e.g., The student did in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. ) remonstrate [ri’mɔnstreit] v.规劝，告诫 (e.g., Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. ) ironically [ai’rɔnikәli] ad.讽刺地 (e.g., At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. ) permission [pә(:)’miʃәn] n.许可 (e.g., Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.) grant [gra:nt] v.同意，准予 (e.g., )

Lesson 41

illusion [i’lju:ʒәn] n.幻想，错觉 (e.g., Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. ) pastoral [‘pa:stәrәl] a.田园的 (e.g., This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. ) breed [bri:d] v.培育 (e.g., City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. ) rapture [‘ræptʃә] n.欣喜 (e.g., Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.) extol [iks’tɔl] v.赞美，颂扬 (e.g., Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. ) superior [sju:’piәriә] a.优越的 (e.g., ) cockcrow n.鸡叫

twitter [‘twitә] v.(鸟)吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳叫 (e.g., Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.) glint [glint] v.闪烁 (e.g., ) pasture [‘pa:stʃә] n.牧场 (e.g., ) idyllic [ai’dilik] a.田园诗的 (e.g., ) virtually [‘vә:tjuәli] ad.几乎，差不多 (e.g., My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV – virtually the only form of entertainment. ) dubious [‘dju:bjәs] a.可疑的，怀疑的 (e.g., Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. ) privilege [‘privilidʒ] n.好处，特权 (e.g., ) misery [‘mizәri] n.苦难 (e.g., They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.) acquaintance [ә’kweintәns] n.熟人 (e.g., Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.) treat [tri:t] n.难得的乐事，享受 (e.g., ) dweller [‘dwelә] n.居住者 (e.g., The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.) stagger [‘stægә] v.摇晃，蹒跚 (e.g., Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. ) exotic [ig’zɔutik] a.异乎寻常的，外来的 (e.g., ) glow [glәu] n.白炽光 (e.g., There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights.) descend [di’send] v.下落，降临 (e.g., Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.) tuck [tʌk] v.缩进，隐藏 (e.g., ) obstinately [ˈɒbstɪnətli] ad.固执地，顽固地 (e.g., It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.)

Lesson 42

caveman [ˈkeɪvmæn] n.(远古)洞穴人 (e.g., Modern cavemen) pot-holing n.洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动 (e.g., Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport.) solitude [‘sɔlitju:d] n.孤独，寂寞 (e.g., Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. ) lure [ljuә] v.引诱，诱惑 (e.g., ) pot-holer n.洞穴探险者 (e.g., It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer’s motives.) rambler [‘ræmblә] n.漫步者，散步者 (e.g., Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler.) undertaking [‘ʌndә’teikiŋ] n.任务，工作 (e.g., Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. ) foresight [‘fɔ:sait] n.预见；深谋远虑 (e.g., ) foretell [fɔ:’tel] v.预言 (e.g., Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.) Grenoble [grә’noubl] n.格里诺布尔 (e.g., ) chasm [tʃæzәm] n.断层，裂口，陷坑 (e.g., This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks. ) flaw [flɔ:] n.小裂缝；缺点，瑕疵 (e.g., ) distinguished [dis’tiŋgwiʃt] a.杰出的，著名的 (e.g., The cave might never have been discovered has not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. ) Everest [‘evәrist] n.珠穆朗玛峰 (e.g., ) wade [weid] v.涉水 (e.g., They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools.) waterfall [‘wɔ:tәfɔ:l] n.瀑布 (e.g., Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. ) gear [giә] n.(汽车)排档 (e.g., They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. ) inflatable [in’fleitәbl] a.可充气的 (e.g., ) rubble [‘rʌbl] n.碎瓦，瓦块 (e.g., At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. ) insistent [in’sistәnt] a.连续的，不断的 (e.g., In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.) boom [bu:m] v.轰响 (e.g., ) waterspout [‘wɔtәspaut] n.强大的水柱 (e.g., ) cleft [kleft] n.裂隙，开口 (e.g., Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. ) cavern [‘kævәn] n.大洞穴 (e.g., ) stalagmite [‘stælәgmait] n.石笋 (e.g., After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmites – some of them over forty feet high – rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. ) stalactite [‘stælәktait] n.钟乳石 (e.g., ) limestone [‘laimstәun] n.石灰石 (e.g., Round about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. ) glisten [‘glisn] v.闪烁 (e.g., ) eerie [‘iәri] a.引起恐惧的，可怕的 (e.g., In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.) dome [dәum] n.穹窿，圆顶 (e.g., )

Lesson 43

insure [in’ʃuә] v.投保 (e.g., Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. ) fete [feit] n.游园会 (e.g., If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.) admittedly [әd’mitidli] ad.公认的 (e.g., Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide.) purchase [‘pә:tʃәs] v.买 (e.g., It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair.) annual [‘ænjuәl] a.一年一度的 (e.g., ) teenager n.(13岁至19岁的)青少年 (e.g., At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own.) capsize [kæp’saiz] v.(船)翻 (e.g., Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.) shiver [‘ʃivә] v.打颤，发抖 (e.g., Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish.) dive [daiv] v.(头向下)跳水 (e.g., ) haul [hɔ:l] v.拖曳 (e.g., They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem.) hawser [‘hɔ:zә] n.粗缆绳 (e.g., The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. ) rim [rim] n.(圆形物品的)外沿，边 (e.g., ) winch [wintʃ] n.绞车(带有绞盘的车) (e.g., Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. ) premium [‘pri:mjәm] n.保险费 (e.g., Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.) recover [ri’kʌvә] v.使……得到补偿，弥补 (e.g., But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.) agonizing [‘ægәnaiziŋ] a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的 (e.g., For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water. ) perch [pә:tʃ] v.处于(高处) (e.g., ) precariously [prɪˈkeəriəsli] ad.危险地，不稳固地

overbalance [‘әuvә’bælәns] v.失去平衡 (e.g., ) clamp [klæmp] n.夹钳，夹板 (e.g., This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains.) vertically [‘vә:tikәli] ad.垂直地 (e.g., The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.) torrent [‘tɔrәnt] n.激流，洪流 (e.g., Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal.) rebound [ri’baund] v.弹回 (e.g., There was danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.)

Lesson 44

positively [ˈpɒzətɪvli] ad.绝对地，完全地 (e.g., Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. ) compartment [kәm’pa:tmәnt] n.(轮船的)密封舱 (e.g., Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy.) cramped [kræmpt] a.窄小的 (e.g., ) stuffy [‘stʌfi] a.憋气的，闷气的 (e.g., ) monotonous [mә’nɔtәnәs] a.枯燥的，乏味的，单调的 (e.g., Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.) rhythm [‘riðәm] n.有节奏的运动 (e.g., ) click [klik] v.发出咔哒声 (e.g., ) lull [lʌl] v.催人欲睡 (e.g., ) snatch [snætʃ] n.短时，片段 (e.g., During the day, sleep comes in snatches. ) sleeper n.(火车等的)卧铺 (e.g., If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection.) fumble [‘fʌmbl] v.乱摸，摸索 (e.g., ) inspection [in’spekʃәn] n.检查 (e.g., ) inevitably [in’evitәbli] ad.必然地，不可避免地 (e.g., Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.) destination [‘desti’neiʃәn] n.目的地 (e.g., ) exhaust [ig’zɔ:st] v.使精疲力尽 (e.g., ) motorway [‘mәutәwei] n.快车道 (e.g., On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. ) ferry [‘feri] n.渡船 (e.g., By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.) cruise [kru:z] n.巡游船 (e.g., ) civilize [‘sivilaiz] v.使文明 (e.g., ) spacious [‘speiʃәs] a.宽敞的 (e.g., You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food – always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. ) seasick a.晕船的 (e.g., If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.) intimidate [in’timideit] v.恐吓，恫吓 (e.g., Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. ) disadvantage [‘disәd’va:ntidʒ] n.短处，缺点 (e.g., They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. ) exhilarating [ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ] a.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的 (e.g., Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. ) escapist [is’keipist] n.逍遥者，逃避现实者 (e.g., The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. ) sip [sip] v.呷，啜 (e.g., ) champagne [ʃæm’pein] n.香槟酒 (e.g., ) refinement [ri’fainmәnt] n.精心的安排 (e.g., But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. ) Breathtaking [ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ] a.激动人心的；不寻常的 (e.g., An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.) soar [sɔ:] v.高飞，翱翔 (e.g., You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. ) effortlessly ad.不费力地

landscape [‘lændskeip] n.景色 (e.g., If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. ) fresh [freʃ] a.精神饱满的 (e.g., However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. ) uncrumpled [ʌnˈkrʌmpəld] a.没有垮下来

Lesson 45

democratic [‘demә’krætik] a.民主的 (e.g., In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. ) restrict [ris’trikt] v.限制 (e.g., ) abuse [ә’bju:z, ә’bju:s] n.辱骂，责骂 (e.g., However, this freedom can easily be abused. ) contention [kәn’tenʃәn] n.论点 (e.g., Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.) quintuplet [‘kwintjuplit] n.五胞胎之一 (e.g., But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.) obscurity [әb’skjuәriti] n.默默无闻 (e.g., They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.) radically [‘rædikәli] ad.彻底地，完全地 (e.g., ) exclusive [iks’klu:siv] a.独占的，独家的 (e.g., Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.) untold [‘ʌn’tould] a.数不尽地，无限的 (e.g., ) South Dakota 南达科他州(美国) (e.g., ) perpetual [pә’petʃuәl] a.永久的 (e.g., As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.) nursery [‘nә:sәri] n.育婴室，保育室 (e.g., While the five babies were babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame. ) commercialization [kә’mә:ʃәlai’zeiʃn] n.商品化 (e.g., They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.) commodity [kә’mɔditi] n.商品 (e.g., Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.)

Lesson 46

plead [pli:d] v.找(借口)，辩解 (e.g., No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for these are countless do-it-yourself publications. ) ignorance [‘ignәrәns] n.无知，不懂 (e.g., ) publication [‘pʌbli’keiʃәn] n.出版物，出版 (e.g., ) newlyweds [ˈnjuːliwed] n.新婚夫妇 (e.g., Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.) gaily [‘geili] ad.愉快地，高兴地 (e.g., ) leisure [‘leʒә] n.空闲 (e.g., Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture. ) keen [ki:n] a.热心的，渴望的 (e.g., Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. ) advisory [әd’vaizәri] a.咨询的 (e.g., Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.) novice [‘nɔvis] n.新手 (e.g., ) consumer [kәn’sju:mә] n.消费者，顾客 (e.g., ) assemble [ә’sembl] v.装配，组装 (e.g., ) outlet [‘aut-let] n.出路，出口 (e.g., Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.) creative [kri(:)’eitiv] a.创造性的 (e.g., ) handyman [‘hændimæn] n.手巧的人，能工巧匠 (e.g., ) resourceful [ri’sɔ:sful] a.足智多谋的 (e.g., Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.) fuse [fju:z] v.由于烧断保险丝而短路 (e.g., When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some woman assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.) rickety [‘rikiti] a.要散架的，晃动的 (e.g., ) clog [klɔg] v.堵塞 (e.g., ) delusion [di’lu:ʒәn] n.错觉 (e.g., The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.) lawn mower [‘lɔ:n-‘məʊə(r)] 割草机 (e.g., Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.) adjustment [ә’dʒʌstmәnt] n.调整 (e.g., As far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new. ) screw [skru:] n.螺丝钉 (e.g., ) dismantle [dis’mæntl] v.拆卸 (e.g., The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it.) chunk [tʃʌŋk] n.(厚)块 (e.g., The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.) snap [snæp] v.绷断 (e.g., One of links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. ) insurmountable [‘insә’mauntәbl] a.不能克服的，难以对付的 (e.g., After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. ) jigsaw [‘dʒigsɔ:] n.线锯 (e.g., ) nag [næg] v.唠叨不休 (e.g., When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow.) rust [rʌst] v.生锈 (e.g., Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.)

Lesson 47

pollution [pә’lu:ʃәn] n.污染 (e.g., Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over-industrialized planet. ) overpopulated a.人口多的

over-industrialized a.过度工业化的

sheer [ʃiә] a.纯粹的，不掺杂的 (e.g., We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.) worldwide [‘wә:ldwaid] ad.在全世界 (e.g., ) overwhelm [‘әuvә’hwelm] v.制服，使不知所措 (e.g., ) pollute [pә’lju:t] v.污染 (e.g., Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.) pesticide [‘pestisaid] n.杀虫剂 (e.g., The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables.) fertilizer [‘fә:tilaizә] n.肥料 (e.g., ) salmonella [sælmә’nelә] n.沙门氏菌 (e.g., The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and listeria in dairy products. ) listeria [lɪˈstɪəriə] n.利斯特杆菌

vegetarian [vedʒә’tєәriәn] n.吃素的人 (e.g., And if you think you’ll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you’re eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!) organically-grown a.有机培植的(不施化肥和其他化学药品培植)

insidious [in’sidiәs] a.暗中为害的 (e.g., However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. ) urban [‘ә:bәn] a.城市的 (e.g., ) burglar [‘bә:glә] n.窃贼 (e.g., Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. ) burgle [‘bә:gl] v.入室偷窃 (e.g., ) scream [skri:m] v.尖叫 (e.g., Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation.) profound [prә’faund] a.极度的 (e.g., ) irritation [‘iri’teiʃәn] n.烦躁 (e.g., ) incessantly [ɪnˈses(ə)ntli] ad.连续不断地 (e.g., A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. ) whine [wain] v.发呜呜声 (e.g., Lawn mowers whining on a summer’s day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. ) helicopter [‘helikɔptә] n.直升飞机 (e.g., ) maximum [‘mæksimәm] a.最大的 (e.g., ) technology [tek’nɔlәdʒi] n.技术 (e.g., New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. ) contribution [‘kɔntri’bju:ʃәn] n.贡献 (e.g., ) mobile [‘mәubail] a.可移动的 (e.g., A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. ) snore [snɔ:] v.打鼾 (e.g., It was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. ) offender [ә’fendә] n.冒犯者 (e.g., Men were found to be the worst offenders.) staggering [‘stægәriŋ] a.令人惊愕的 (e.g., This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. ) trumpet [‘trʌmpit] v.吹号 (e.g., Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners.) partner [‘pa:tnә] n.伙伴 (e.g., )

Lesson 48

inaccessible [inæk’sesәbl] a.难接近的，达不到的 (e.g., In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. ) hospitable [‘hɔspitәbl] a.好客的 (e.g., We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.) hostile [‘hɔstail] a.不友好的，有敌意的 (e.g., But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. ) vicinity [vi’siniti] n.周围,附近 (e.g., We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. ) architectural [‘a:ki’tektʃәrәl] a.建筑的 (e.g., These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. ) fresco [‘freskәu] n.壁画 (e.g., ) abruptly [ә’brʌptli] ad.突然地，意外地 (e.g., We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.) tramp [træmp] v.徒步行进 (e.g., We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.) moor [muә] v.(用绳、链、锚)系(船) (e.g., Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. ) ferry [‘feri] n.渡船 (e.g., We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. ) straggle [strægl] v.蔓延，散乱分布 (e.g., The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.) dilapidated [di’læpideitid] a.陈旧破烂的，倒塌的 (e.g., Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.) sardine [sa:’di:n] n.沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头 (e.g., ) rag [ræg] n.破烂衣服 (e.g., Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.) motionless [‘mәuʃәnlis] a.不动的 (e.g., We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless.) procession [prә’seʃәn] n.行列，成队的人群 (e.g., I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down the main street of the villager, we were followed by a silent procession of children. ) shawl [ʃɔ:l] n.披巾，围巾 (e.g., Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways. ) peer [piә] v.凝视，盯着 (e.g., ) quicken [‘kwikәn] v.加快 (e.g., Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.)

Lesson 49

rambling [‘ræmbliŋ] a.杂乱无章的 (e.g., She had a huge, rambling country house called ‘The Gables’.) sentimentally [sentɪˈmentəli] ad.感情上，多情地 (e.g., She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death. ) lavishly [‘læviʃli] ad.慷慨地，大方地 (e.g., Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. ) immaculate [i’mækjuleit] a.清洁的，无污点的 (e.g., No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.) parquet [pɑ:’kei] n.镶木地板 (e.g., The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust. ) gleam [gli:m] v.发亮，闪光 (e.g., ) preside [pri’zaid] v.指挥 (e.g., Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished. ) invisible [in’vizәbl] a.看不见的，无形的 (e.g., ) scrub [skrʌb] v.擦拭，刷洗 (e.g., ) enlightened [in’laitnd] a.开明的，教化的 (e.g., Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.) fickleness [ˈfɪk(ə)lnəs] n.变化无常 (e.g., While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.) unrelenting [‘ʌnri’lentiŋ] a.不屈不挠的，不松懈的 (e.g., ) disillusion [disi’lu:ʒәn] v.使幻想破灭 (e.g., ) industriousness [ɪnˈdʌstriəsnis] n.勤奋 (e.g., Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie’s industriousness and efficiency. ) qualification [‘kwɔlifi’keiʃәn] n.资格，能力 (e.g., In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook. ) mirth [mә:θ] n.欢笑，高兴 (e.g., Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified. ) stack [stæk] v.(整齐地)堆放，排放；n.堆 (e.g., After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.) cellar [‘selә] n.地窖 (e.g., They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!)

Lesson 50

resolution [‘rezә’lju:ʃәn] n.决心 (e.g., The New Year is a time for resolutions. ) mentally [‘mentli] ad.内心里 (e.g., Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’. ) compile [kәm’pail] v.编辑，编制 (e.g., ) formidable [‘fɔ:midәbl] a.令人畏惧的 (e.g., ) recur [ri’kә:] v.再发生，又出现 (e.g., The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. ) regularity [‘regju’læriti] n.规律性 (e.g., ) accomplishment [ә’kɔmpliʃmәnt] n.成就 (e.g., Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. ) attainment [ә’teinmәnt] n.达到；成就，造诣 (e.g., ) inveterate [in’vetәrit] a.根深蒂固的 (e.g., If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. ) self-improvement n.自我完善 (e.g., Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.) scheme [ski:m] n.简单的计划，方案 (e.g., ) ambitious [æm’biʃәs] a.雄心勃勃的 (e.g., ) pitfall [‘pitfɔ:l] n.意外的困难，易犯的错误 (e.g., Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. ) modest [‘mɔdist] a.要求不过分的,谦虚的 (e.g., I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening. ) assiduously [əˈsɪdʒuəsli] ad.刻苦地 (e.g., An all-night party on New Year’s Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.) self-discipline n.自我约束 (e.g., The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.) frame [freim] n.躯体 (e.g., After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me.) betray [bi’trei] v.暴露，显露 (e.g., ) troop [tru:p] v.成群结队地走动 (e.g., The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. ) unsettle [ʌn’setl] v.使不安 (e.g., That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. ) taunt [tɔ:nt] n.v.嘲笑，奚落人的话 (e.g., ) jibe [dʒaib] n.嘲弄，挖苦 (e.g., ) good-humouredly ad.和气地，心情好地

wane [wein] v.逐渐变小，变弱 (e.g., However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. ) diminish [di’miniʃ] v.减少，缩小 (e.g., ) hypnotize [‘hipnәtaiz] v.使欲睡，使朦胧 (e.g., Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to book. ) undoing [ʌn’du:iŋ] n.祸根，毁灭的原因 (e.g., That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.) screen [skri:n] n.电视机屏幕 (e.g., )

Lesson 51

full-time a.专职的 (e.g., Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. ) technician [tek’niʃәn] n.技师 (e.g., ) software [‘sɔftwєә] n.软件 (e.g., ) IBM 国际商用机器公司

DOS 磁盘操作系统(Disk Operating System)

Microsoft n.(美国)微软公司

user-friendly a.容易操作的，好用的

multimedia [ˌmʌltiˈmiːdiə] a.多媒体的 (e.g., From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.) alternative [ɔ:l’tә:nәtiv] a.选择的 (e.g., Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work.) diagnose [‘daiәgnәuz] v.诊断 (e.g., ) relieve [ri’li:v] v.减轻 (e.g., ) accountant [ә’kauntәnt] n.会计 (e.g., ) repetitive [ri’petitiv] a.重复的 (e.g., ) clerical [‘klerikәl] a.办公室工作的 (e.g., ) Internet n.国际交互网

network [‘netwә:k] n.网络 (e.g., )

Lesson 52

permanent [‘pә:mәnәnt] a.永久的 (e.g., My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study.) tint [tint] v.给染色 (e.g., Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.) delicate [‘delikit] a.淡色的 (e.g., ) shade [ʃeid] n.色度 (e.g., ) observant [әb’zә:vnt] a.观察力敏锐的 (e.g., ) grayish a.浅灰色的

dispel [dis’pel] v.驱散，消除 (e.g., This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might have. ) outlandish [aut’lændiʃ] a.稀奇古怪的 (e.g., The bottle really does contain perfumed mud. How Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating.) acquisition [‘ækwi’ziʃәn] n.获得 (e.g., Furthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.) cosmetic [kɔz’metik] n.化妆品 (e.g., Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist. He would invent fanciful names on the spot. ) outrageous [aut’reidʒәs] a.出人预料的；令人不悦的 (e.g., ) fanciful [‘fænsiful] a.想象出来的 (e.g., ) insoluble [in’sɔljubl] a.不可溶解的 (e.g., On entering a shop, he would ask for a new perfume called ‘Scented Shadow’ or for ‘insoluble bath cubes’.) prompt [prɔmpt] v.敦促，激励 (e.g., Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud.) exclusive [iks’klu:siv] a.独占的，独家的 (e.g., One day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for ‘Myrolite’, the shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each syllable.) syllable [‘silәbl] n.音节 (e.g., ) bewilderment [bi’wildәmәnt] n.迷惑，糊涂 (e.g., When the woman shook her head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that ‘myrolite’ was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles. ) freckle [‘frekl] n.雀斑 (e.g., ) evidently [‘evidәntli] ad.显然地，明显地 (e.g., This explanation evidently conveyed something to the woman who searched shelf after shelf.) weird [wiәd] a.奇异的，古怪的 (e.g., She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry’s requirements. ) concoction [kәn’kɔkʃәn] n.调制品 (e.g., ) intoxicate [in’tɔksikeit] v.陶醉，得意忘形 (e.g., Intoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud. ) blank [blæŋk] a.空白的 (e.g., He expected the assistant to look at him in blank astonishment. ) discreetly [dis’kri:tli] ad.谨慎地 (e.g., He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price. ) clutch [klʌtʃ] v.抓住 (e.g., He was glad to get away with a mere twenty pounds and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precious bottle under his arm.) adorn [ә’dɔ:n] v.装饰，打扮 (e.g., The curious bottle, which now adorns the bookcase in his study, was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.)

Lesson 53

evolve [i’vɔlv] v.逐渐形成 (e.g., Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers. ) high-handed a.高压的，专横的

incompetent [in’kɔmpitәnt] a.不够格的，不称职的 (e.g., ) over-zealously [‘ouvə ‘zeləsli] ad.过分热情地 (e.g., The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. ) safeguard [‘seifga:d] v.保护 (e.g., As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. ) parliamentary [‘pa:lә’mentәri] a.国会的 (e.g., A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.) qualified [‘kwɔlifaid] a.合格的 (e.g., ) grievance [‘gri:vәns] n.不平，冤屈 (e.g., ) Justiteombudsman n.(瑞典的)司法特派员 (e.g., The official title of the person is ‘Justiteombudsman’, but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the ‘J.O.’ or ‘Ombudsman’.) ombudsman [‘ɔmbәdzmæn] n.(瑞典和英国的)司法特派员 (e.g., ) secretive [si’kri:tiv] a.保密的 (e.g., There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman’s work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.) correspondence [‘kɔris’pɔndәns] n.来往信件 (e.g., ) alter [‘ɔ:ltә] v.改变 (e.g., He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered.) accusation [‘ækju(:)’zeiʃәn] n.谴责，指控 (e.g., There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner’s complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.) ascertain [‘æsә’tein] v.查出，查明 (e.g., The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. ) prejudiced [‘predʒәdist] a.有偏见的，不公平的 (e.g., The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. ) prompt [prɔmpt] v.敦促，激励 (e.g., The Ombudsman’s prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.)

Lesson 54

insect [‘insekt] n.昆虫 (e.g., We have been brought up to fear insects.) wage [weidʒ] v.进行(斗争) (e.g., We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. ) contaminate [kәn’tæmineit] v.弄脏 (e.g., ) provocation [‘prɔvә’keiʃәn] n.惹怒 (e.g., They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows. ) spider [‘spaidә] n.蜘蛛 (e.g., We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths. ) wasp [wɔsp] n.黄蜂 (e.g., ) moth [mɔθ] n.飞蛾 (e.g., ) ant [ænt] n.蚂蚁 (e.g., Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. ) revulsion [ri’vʌlʃәn] n.厌恶 (e.g., ) horde [hɔ:d] n.群 (e.g., ) uncanny [ʌn’kæni] a.神秘的，不可思议的 (e.g., No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. ) erase [i’reiz] v.擦，抹去 (e.g., Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.) praying mantis [ˈmæntɪs] n. 螳螂 (e.g., We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. ) entranced [ˈentrənst] a.出神的 (e.g., We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. ) beetle [‘bi:tl] n.甲虫 (e.g., Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?) sheltered [ˈʃeltəd] a.伤不着的，无危险的 (e.g., The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. ) luscious [‘lʌʃәs] a.甘美的 (e.g., I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.) cluster [‘klʌstә] n.一簇，一群 (e.g., Clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.) aphid [‘eifid] n.蚜虫 (e.g., ) underside [‘ʌndәsaid] n.底面，下侧 (e.g., ) colony [‘kɔlәni] n.一群 (e.g., They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.) sticky [‘stiki] a.粘的 (e.g., I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids.) scurry [‘skʌri] v.小步跑 (e.g., I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.) swarm [swɔ:m] v.聚集 (e.g., I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.) ingenuity [‘indʒi’nju(:)iti] n.机灵 (e.g., I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. )

Lesson 55

astronomy [әs’trɔnәmi] n.天文学 (e.g., Recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our won Milky Way and in other galaxies. ) relative [‘relәtiv] a.相对的 (e.g., This is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and old not emit light.) infinitely [‘infinitli] ad.无限地，无穷地 (e.g., Finding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult.) solar [‘sәulә] a.太阳系的 (e.g., In our won solar system, for example, Venus is far too hot and Mars is far too cold to support life.) Venus [‘vi:nәs] n.金星 (e.g., ) Mars [ma:z] n.火星 (e.g., ) orbit [‘ɔ:bit] n.运行轨道 (e.g., Alternatively, if the star were small, the life-supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop. ) astronomical [‘æstrә’nɔmikәl] a.天文学的 (e.g., The development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the twenty-first century.) generate [‘dʒenәreit] v.产生 (e.g., Our own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope would make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets. ) particle [‘pa:tikl] n.微粒，粒子 (e.g., Even a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble telescope, would not be suitable because of the dust particles iron solar system. ) Jupiter [‘dʒu:pitә] n.木星 (e.g., A telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space, because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system. ) blot [blɔt] v.遮暗 (e.g., Once we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star, so that we would be able to ‘see’ the planet properly and analyse its atmosphere.) analyse [‘ænәlaiz] v.分析 (e.g., ) bacteria [bæk’tiәriә] n.细菌 (e.g., The life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria.) oxygen [‘ɔksidʒәn] n.氧气 (e.g., It is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth.) realm [‘relm] n.领域 (e.g., But this hope is always in the realms of science fiction.) endeavour [ɪnˈdevə(r)] n.努力 (e.g., No human endeavour or thought would be unchanged by it.)

Lesson 56

boundary [‘baundәri] n.界线；边界 (e.g., The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives.) pump [pʌmp] v.用泵抽 (e.g., Without it we could not make a living. There is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the houses, so we have to pump from the river for farm use. ) overtake [‘әuvә’teik] v.(坏天气、麻烦等)突然降临 (e.g., We tell river all our secrets. We know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their bees, that misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.) backwater [‘bæk’wɔ:tә] n.回水河汊 (e.g., Sometimes were go upstream to a favourite backwater, sometimes we have our party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving.) predecessor [‘pri:disesә] n.前任 (e.g., ) meadow [‘medәu] n.草地，草场 (e.g., ) crown [kraun] v.给…戴花环 (e.g., We welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the winter.) holly [‘hɔli] n.一种冬青植物 (e.g., ) wreath [ri:θ] n.花环 (e.g., ) occurrence [ә’kʌrәns] n.偶发事件 (e.g., This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom guest to extremes. ) proportion [prә’pɔ:ʃәn] n.部分 (e.g., We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are effected by flooding, but other farms are less favorably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners.) site [sait] v.使位于 (e.g., ) spell [spel] v.招致，带来 (e.g., ) stall [stɔ:l] n.牲口棚 (e.g., All the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little. ) attic [‘ætik] n.顶楼 (e.g., From an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours, and at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point.) sweeping [‘swi:piŋ] a.范围广大的 (e.g., ) critical [‘kritikәl] a.危急的 (e.g., ) juncture [‘dʒʌŋktʃә] n.时刻，关头 (e.g., ) raft [ra:ft] n.木筏 (e.g., Suddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah’s ark, carrying the whole family, a few hens, the dogs, cat, and bird in a cage. ) unduly [ʌn’dju:li] ad.过度地 (e.g., We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged. ) foundations n.地基

stoutly [‘stautli] ad.牢固地，粗壮的 (e.g., ) submerge [sʌb’mә:dʒ] v.浸没 (e.g., ) grapple [‘græpl] v.抓住 (e.g., The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank.)

Lesson 57

alien [‘eiljәn] a.异国的，外国的 (e.g., I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me.) emigrate [‘emigreit] v.移居(国外) (e.g., So he decided to emigrate. ) absorb [әb’sɔ:b] v.全神贯注于 (e.g., In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve. ) embedded [ɪmˈbedɪd] a.扎牢的 (e.g., His roots and mine bad become too firmly embedded in the new land. ) mortally [ˈmɔːtəli] ad.致命地 (e.g., He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.) comprehensive [‘kɔmpri’hensiv] a.广泛的；丰富的 (e.g., ) milestone [‘mailstәun] n.里程碑 (e.g., I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.) territory [‘teritәri] n.领地；地区 (e.g., But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory. ) milemeter [mai’lɔmitә] n.计程表 (e.g., ) spire [‘spaiә] n.(教堂的)塔尖 (e.g., I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire – only a lake. ) retrace [ri’treis] v.返回，重走 (e.g., So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.) stumble [‘stʌmbl] v.趔趄地走 (e.g., I left as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.) horizon [hә’raizn] n.地平线 (e.g., Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. ) reservoir [‘rezәvwa:] n.水库 (e.g., The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.)

Lesson 58

lurk [lә:k] v.潜藏 (e.g., Then, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter’s assistance to search for nay intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.) hinder [‘hindә, ‘haindә] v.妨碍 (e.g., They went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing, as they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints.) fingerprint [‘fiŋgәprint] n.指纹 (e.g., ) chaos [‘keiɔs] n.混乱，无秩序 (e.g., The chaos was inconceivable.) inconceivable [‘inkәn’si:vәbl] a.不可思议的 (e.g., ) veritable [‘veritәbl] a.真正的，地地道道的 (e.g., She had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding; and it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over.) magpie [‘mægpai] n.喜欢收藏物品的人 (e.g., ) toss [tɔs] v.扔 (e.g., ) discard [dis’ka:d] v.丢弃 (e.g., At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her. ) constable [‘kʌnstәbl] n.警察 (e.g., Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat. ) ransack [‘rænsæk] v.洗劫 (e.g., ) balcony [‘bælkәni] n.阳台 (e.g., The inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced, thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony.) fussy [‘fʌsi] a.大惊小怪的，小题大做的 (e.g., The old lady though the was a fussy creature, but since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.)

Lesson 59

amass [ә’mæs] v.积聚，收集 (e.g., People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.) indiscriminate [‘indis’kriminit] a.不加选择的 (e.g., Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. ) clutter [‘klʌtә [ n.] v.一堆杂物;乱糟糟地堆满 (e.g., ) string [striŋ] n.细线, 细绳 (e.g., Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites. ) requisite [‘rekwizit] n.必需品 (e.g., ) mania [‘meinjә] n.癖好,狂热 (e.g., Collecting small items can easily become a mania. ) sketch [sketʃ] n.草图，图样 (e.g., I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.) remote [ri’mәut] a.(机会，可能性)极少的，小的 (e.g., As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice.) strong-minded a.意志坚强的

relaxation [ri:læk’seiʃәn] n.休息，娱乐 (e.g., It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one’s treasures is always a joy.) verify [‘verifai] v.查证，核实 (e.g., Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books. ) bearing [‘bєәriŋ] n.关系，联系 (e.g., This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.) like-minded a.志趣相投的 (e.g., One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find.) specimen [‘spesimin] n.标本 (e.g., Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country. ) constructively [kənˈstrʌktɪvli] ad.有益的，积极的 (e.g., Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.) contented [kәn’tentid] a.心满意足的 (e.g., ) boredom [‘bɔ:dәm] n.烦恼，无聊 (e.g., )

Lesson 60

punctuality [‘pʌŋktju’æliti] n.准时 (e.g., Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. ) rural [‘ruәrәl] ad.农村的 (e.g., Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. ) disregard [‘disri’ga:d] v.不顾，无视 (e.g., ) intellectual [‘inti’lektjuәl] n.知识分子 (e.g., The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand.) abstruse [æb’stru:s] a.深奥的 (e.g., ) coordinate [kәu’ɔdinit] v.协调 (e.g., ) reproach [ri’prәutʃ] v.责备 (e.g., But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine.) puncture [‘pʌŋktʃә] v.刺破(轮胎) (e.g., If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. ) diversion [dai’vә:ʃәn] n.改道，绕道 (e.g., ) trial [‘traiәl] n.讨厌的事、人 (e.g., The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. ) fraction [‘frækʃәn] n.很小一点儿 (e.g., If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. ) flourish [‘flʌriʃ] n.挥舞(打手势) (e.g., The porter went to fetch one and arrive back with the station master, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic ‘o’ beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little ‘o’ indicated that the train only stopped for mail.) microscopic [‘maikrә’skɔpik] a.微小的 (e.g., ) adamant [‘ædәmәnt] a.坚定的，不动摇的 (e.g., But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken and she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.)